Doing Business

What are the differences between traditional IPO and SPACs Listing?

Trường Lăng

October 3, 2023

Doing Business

What are the differences between traditional IPO and SPACs Listing?

Trường Lăng

October 3, 2023

In today’s ever-evolving business landscape, the decision to take a company public is a crucial one. Traditionally, Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) have been the go-to method for companies seeking to enter the public market. However, a new medium has entered the scene in the form of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs), offering an alternative route to public ownership. In this in-depth analysis, we will explore the nuanced differences between IPOs and SPAC Listings, catering to businesses aiming to make an informed choice.

IPO and SPAC: Unraveling the Core Concepts

At its essence, an IPO marks the transformation of a private company into a publicly-traded entity by issuing shares to the public. Meanwhile, SPACs are enigmatic “blank-check” companies that raise capital through their own IPOs with the intent of acquiring a private company. 

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs): Path to Public Ownership

An IPO, is a landmark event in a company’s journey to becoming a publicly-traded entity. During an IPO, a private company transforms itself into a publicly-listed company by issuing new stocks to the public for the first time. This process facilitates the transition from limited private ownership to public ownership, offering shares to investors who can then buy and sell them on the open market.

image
Source: SEC

IPOs involve meticulous preparation, regulatory compliance, and a rigorous due diligence process. Companies need to provide comprehensive financial disclosures, historical performance data, and prospective financial projections. This transparency aims to instill investor confidence and provide a clear picture of the company’s past and future prospects.

The IPO process typically involves underwriting by investment banks, venture capital firms, or private equity groups. Underwriters assist in determining the initial offering price, purchasing shares from the company and subsequently selling them to the public or their networks. Once the IPO is concluded, the company’s shares are listed on the stock exchange, where they are subject to market dynamics, including fluctuations and investor sentiment.

SPACs: A Different Avenue

In contrast, the concept of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies, or SPACs, introduces a novel approach to going public. A SPAC is essentially a “blank-check” company with no operational activities, formed solely to raise capital through its own IPO for the purpose of merging with or acquiring an existing private company. While the target company is not initially disclosed, investors invest in the SPAC based on the management team’s reputation and the potential for a lucrative acquisition in the future.

image
Source: SEC

The SPAC process begins with the SPAC’s IPO, during which it raises funds from investors in the form of shares and warrants. These funds are held in trust until a target company is identified and the acquisition is approved by a majority of SPAC shareholders. Once a target is chosen, the SPAC and the target engage in a merger process, which effectively takes the private target company public without the traditional IPO process.

SPACs offer a unique opportunity for companies to go public without the extensive preparation and regulatory requirements associated with traditional IPOs. They provide speed and flexibility, making them particularly attractive to companies seeking a quicker path to public markets. However, SPACs also bring about uncertainties, such as the possibility of lower-than-expected returns and the risk of failed or incomplete deals.

Looking into the differences

AspectIPOSPAC
Process TimelineLonger processPotentially faster process
CostHigher upfront costsPotential cost savings
Control and GovernanceFounders retain more controlPotential dilution of control
Investor PerceptionPrestigious imageSkepticism due to novelty
Regulatory ScrutinyStringent regulationsMore flexibility in disclosure
FlexibilityLimited customizationForward-looking projections
ValuationFavorable investor sentimentCaution due to untested nature
The differences between SPAC and IPO

Untangling the Process and Timeline

The journey to going public through an IPO or a SPAC varies significantly. IPOs demand extensive groundwork, including thorough due diligence, legal formalities, and financial disclosures, and ending in the bell-ringing on the trading floor. The process can stretch over 12-18 months, encompassing everything from drafting the prospectus to winning over potential investors.

On the other hand, SPACs offer a potentially faster route, often touted as a “shortcut” to public markets. With fewer rigorous requirements and reduced due diligence, SPACs can streamline the timeline, allowing companies to go public more swiftly.

Peering into the Financial Lens: Cost Analysis

While both IPOs and SPACs incur costs, a significant divergence emerges when dissecting the expenses. IPOs entail underwriting fees, legal fees, accounting fees, and various other expenditures, forming a substantial financial commitment. SPACs, with their less complex nature, might offer a cost-effective alternative, easing the financial burden on companies seeking to go public.

Navigating Control and Governance

Control over a company after going public holds pivotal importance for founders and existing stakeholders. IPOs generally allow these stakeholders to retain a greater degree of influence and control over the company’s direction. Conversely, SPACs can result in a dilution of control, with the SPAC management often wielding significant decision-making authority post-acquisition.

Investor Sentiment and Valuation Dynamics

The public’s perception of a company taking the IPO route versus the SPAC route is a crucial factor. IPOs have long been viewed as the gold standard of going public, signifying maturity, readiness, and thorough preparation. This perception often translates into favorable valuations, instilling investor confidence.

However, SPACs face a unique set of challenges, as they are a relatively new entrant in the market. Investors might approach SPACs with caution, scrutinizing the target company’s selection process and the SPAC’s overall trajectory.

Transparency and Regulatory Scrutiny

Disclosure requirements and regulatory scrutiny serve as cornerstones of both IPOs and SPACs, yet they exhibit divergent characteristics. IPOs adhere to a well-defined regulatory framework, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) setting rigorous guidelines for transparency. In contrast, SPACs, while accountable, offer a degree of flexibility in financial projections and disclosure, providing companies more room for maneuvering.

Customization and Flexibility

SPACs introduce a layer of customization not typically associated with traditional IPOs. Companies can provide forward-looking projections, a practice often restricted in IPOs. This unique capability enables businesses to present growth trajectories, potentially influencing investor sentiment and valuation.

Making an Informed Choice

In the realm of public offerings, the choice between IPOs and SPAC Listings is a multifaceted decision that demands a thorough understanding of each method’s intricacies. IPOs offer a well-established path, symbolizing maturity and careful preparation. SPACs, on the other hand, provide speed, flexibility, and an innovative approach to entering the public market.

As your company contemplates its next strategic move, it’s essential to consider the goals, aspirations, and unique circumstances that define your journey. Are you seeking a tried-and-true process that ensures preservation of control, or are you ready to embrace the agility and potential cost savings that come with SPACs?

Whether you’re leaning towards the structured process of an IPO or intrigued by the possibilities of a SPAC listing, remember that informed decisions stem from a deep understanding of your company’s objectives and the market landscape. Consult with financial advisors, legal experts, and industry peers to gain insights and make a decision that aligns with your vision for growth.

If you’re eager to explore the possibilities of going public or have questions about which path suits your company best, our team of experts is here to help. Contact us today to initiate a conversation about your company’s strategic aspirations and how we can assist you in realizing your goals.

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